Patients planning to undergo elective intraspinal anesthesia for prostate resection surgery | YES
|
Age 60 and above (including 60 years old) | YES
|
Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30kg/m^2 | YES
|
ASA grade I-III | YES
|
YES
|
Individuals with hearing and visual impairments | NO
|
BMI ≥ 30 | NO
|
Individuals with contraindications for spinal anesthesia | NO
|
Severe hypertension (controlled with medication, still in stage III or above hypertension), heart failure (NYHA > II) | NO
|
Severe bradycardia (requiring pacemaker, <60bpm) | NO
|
Individuals with neurological or muscular system diseases, mental illness | NO
|
History of sedative, antidepressant medication use, alcoholism, and drug abuse | NO
|
History of severe cerebrovascular disease or complication after craniocerebral trauma (e.g., emotional disorders, language disorders) | NO
|
Individuals with dexmedetomidine use contraindications | NO
|
Individuals who are unwilling or unable to communicate | NO
|
loss to follow-up | NO
|
Subject withdraws informed consent form | NO
|
Intraoperative use of other sedative drugs | NO
|
Change the anesthesia method to general anesthesia for patients | NO
|
Patients transferred to ICU after surgery | NO
|
Age | 71 years old |
Weight | 62 kg |
Height | 1.72 m |
BMI | 21.6 kg/m2 |
Degree of education | Middle school
|
ASA | Ⅱ
|
Underlying disease | None
|
- Systolic pressure
- Diastolic pressure
- Mean arterial pressure
- Heart rate
- Respiratory rate
- Oxygen saturation
- BIS
Systolic pressure T1 | 149 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T2 | 150 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T3 | 151 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T4 | 149 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T5 | 141 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T6 | 117 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T7 | 111 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T8 | 107 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T9 | 97 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T10 | 90 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T11 | 101 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T12 | 100 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T13 | 105 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T1 | 69 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T2 | 70 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T3 | 83 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T4 | 86 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T5 | 82 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T6 | 70 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T7 | 70 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T8 | 66 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T9 | 58 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T10 | 60 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T11 | 78 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T12 | 80 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T13 | 79 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T1 | 96 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T2 | 97 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T3 | 104 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T4 | 106 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T5 | 106 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T6 | 85 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T7 | 79 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T8 | 77 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T9 | 65 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T10 | 65 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T11 | 86 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T12 | 87 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T13 | 88 mmHg |
Heart rate T1 | 53 times/min |
Heart rate T2 | 58 times/min |
Heart rate T3 | 54 times/min |
Heart rate T4 | 52 times/min |
Heart rate T5 | 52 times/min |
Heart rate T6 | 47 times/min |
Heart rate T7 | 46 times/min |
Heart rate T8 | 45 times/min |
Heart rate T9 | 44 mmHg |
Heart rate T10 | 50 times/min |
Heart rate T11 | 52 times/min |
Heart rate T12 | 56 times/min |
Heart rate T13 | 54 times/min |
Respiratory rate T1 | 19 times/min |
Respiratory rate T2 | 18 times/min |
Respiratory rate T3 | 20 times/min |
Respiratory rate T4 | 18 times/min |
Respiratory rate T5 | 18 times/min |
Respiratory rate T6 | 17 times/min |
Respiratory rate T7 | 19 times/min |
Respiratory rate T8 | 18 times/min |
Respiratory rate T9 | 17 times/min |
Respiratory rate T10 | 18 times/min |
Respiratory rate T11 | 17 times/min |
Respiratory rate T12 | 19 times/min |
Respiratory rate T13 | 16 times/min |
Oxygen saturation T1 | 100 % |
Oxygen saturation T2 | 100 % |
Oxygen saturation T3 | 100 % |
Oxygen saturation T4 | 100 % |
Oxygen saturation T5 | 100 % |
Oxygen saturation T6 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T7 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T8 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T9 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T10 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T11 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T12 | 98 % |
Oxygen saturation T13 | 99 % |
BIS T1 | 94 |
BIS T2 | 95 |
BIS T3 | 93 |
BIS T4 | 98 |
BIS T5 | 92 |
BIS T6 | 90 |
BIS T7 | 46 |
BIS T8 | 45 |
BIS T9 | 47 |
BIS T10 | 48 |
BIS T11 | 84 |
BIS T12 | 85 |
BIS T13 | 92 |
- Puncture space
- Dosage of ropivacaine
- Sensory blockade plane
- Improved Bromage score
- Operation duration
- Time-on
- End time
- Departure time
- Total dosage of dexmedetomidine
- Satisfaction
- Special circumstances during surgery
Puncture space | L3-4 |
Dosage of ropivacaine | 20 mg |
Sensory blockade plane | T10 |
Improved Bromage score | 3 |
A-VAS | 0 |
Operation duration | 103 min |
Time-on | 12:17 |
End time | 14:00 |
Departure time | 14:20 |
Total dosage of dexmedetomidine | 40.92 mg |
Operator satisfaction | 5 |
Patient satisfaction | 5 |
Physical movement | NO
|
Hypoxemia | NO
|
Bradycardia | YES
|
1 day preoperative STAI-S | 20 |
Postoperative day STAI-S | 21 |
1 day preoperative MMSE | 29 |
Poseoperative day MMSE | 29 |
Postoperative 1-day MMSE | 30 |
Nausea | NO
|
Vomit | NO
|
Dizzy | NO
|
Headache | NO
|
Respiratory suppression | NO
|