Patients planning to undergo elective intraspinal anesthesia for prostate resection surgery | YES
|
Age 60 and above (including 60 years old) | YES
|
Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30kg/m^2 | YES
|
ASA grade I-III | YES
|
YES
|
Individuals with hearing and visual impairments | NO
|
BMI ≥ 30 | NO
|
Individuals with contraindications for spinal anesthesia | NO
|
Severe hypertension (controlled with medication, still in stage III or above hypertension), heart failure (NYHA > II) | NO
|
Severe bradycardia (requiring pacemaker, <60bpm) | NO
|
Individuals with neurological or muscular system diseases, mental illness | NO
|
History of sedative, antidepressant medication use, alcoholism, and drug abuse | NO
|
History of severe cerebrovascular disease or complication after craniocerebral trauma (e.g., emotional disorders, language disorders) | NO
|
Individuals with dexmedetomidine use contraindications | NO
|
Individuals who are unwilling or unable to communicate | NO
|
loss to follow-up | NO
|
Subject withdraws informed consent form | NO
|
Intraoperative use of other sedative drugs | NO
|
Change the anesthesia method to general anesthesia for patients | NO
|
Patients transferred to ICU after surgery | NO
|
Age | 73 years old |
Weight | 95 kg |
Height | 1.70 m |
BMI | 29.41 kg/m2 |
Degree of education | Middle school
|
ASA | Ⅲ
|
Underlying disease | None
|
- Systolic pressure
- Diastolic pressure
- Mean arterial pressure
- Heart rate
- Respiratory rate
- Oxygen saturation
- BIS
Systolic pressure T1 | 145 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T2 | 155 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T3 | 164 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T4 | 162 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T5 | 140 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T6 | 135 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T7 | 139 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T8 | 129 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T9 | 138 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T10 | 134 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T11 | 123 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T12 | 131 mmHg |
Systolic pressure T13 | 129 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T1 | 77 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T2 | 78 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T3 | 83 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T4 | 75 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T5 | 72 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T6 | 69 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T7 | 74 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T8 | 81 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T9 | 74 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T10 | 77 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T11 | 75 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T12 | 77 mmHg |
Diastolic pressure T13 | 74 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T1 | 97 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T2 | 109 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T3 | 111 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T4 | 104 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T5 | 96 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T6 | 101 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T7 | 93 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T8 | 103 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T9 | 104 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T10 | 96 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T11 | 95 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T12 | 96 mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure T13 | 87 mmHg |
Heart rate T1 | 70 times/min |
Heart rate T2 | 75 times/min |
Heart rate T3 | 75 times/min |
Heart rate T4 | 78 times/min |
Heart rate T5 | 63 times/min |
Heart rate T6 | 65 times/min |
Heart rate T7 | 63 times/min |
Heart rate T8 | 62 times/min |
Heart rate T9 | 58 mmHg |
Heart rate T10 | 60 times/min |
Heart rate T11 | 66 times/min |
Heart rate T12 | 65 times/min |
Heart rate T13 | 73 times/min |
Respiratory rate T1 | 14 times/min |
Respiratory rate T2 | 18 times/min |
Respiratory rate T3 | 16 times/min |
Respiratory rate T4 | 16 times/min |
Respiratory rate T5 | 17 times/min |
Respiratory rate T6 | 14 times/min |
Respiratory rate T7 | 15 times/min |
Respiratory rate T8 | 16 times/min |
Respiratory rate T9 | 15 times/min |
Respiratory rate T10 | 20 times/min |
Respiratory rate T11 | 13 times/min |
Respiratory rate T12 | 16 times/min |
Respiratory rate T13 | 18 times/min |
Oxygen saturation T1 | 91 % |
Oxygen saturation T2 | 94 % |
Oxygen saturation T3 | 96 % |
Oxygen saturation T4 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T5 | 98 % |
Oxygen saturation T6 | 99 % |
Oxygen saturation T7 | 998 % |
Oxygen saturation T8 | 89 % |
Oxygen saturation T9 | 97 % |
Oxygen saturation T10 | 97 % |
Oxygen saturation T11 | 97 % |
Oxygen saturation T12 | 97 % |
Oxygen saturation T13 | 94 % |
BIS T1 | 97 |
BIS T2 | 97 |
BIS T3 | 96 |
BIS T4 | 96 |
BIS T5 | 90 |
BIS T6 | 88 |
BIS T7 | 91 |
BIS T8 | 68 |
BIS T9 | 70 |
BIS T10 | 79 |
BIS T11 | 86 |
BIS T12 | 94 |
BIS T13 | 96 |
- Puncture space
- Dosage of ropivacaine
- Sensory blockade plane
- Improved Bromage score
- Operation duration
- Time-on
- End time
- Departure time
- Total dosage of dexmedetomidine
- Satisfaction
- Special circumstances during surgery
Puncture space | L2-3 |
Dosage of ropivacaine | 18 mg |
Sensory blockade plane | T8 |
Improved Bromage score | 3 |
A-VAS | 0 |
Operation duration | 92 min |
Time-on | 16:30 |
End time | 18:02 |
Departure time | 18:10 |
Total dosage of dexmedetomidine | 61.56 mg |
Operator satisfaction | 5 |
Patient satisfaction | 5 |
Physical movement | NO
|
Hypoxemia | YES
|
Bradycardia | NO
|
1 day preoperative STAI-S | 21 |
Postoperative day STAI-S | 20 |
1 day preoperative MMSE | 22 |
Poseoperative day MMSE | 25 |
Postoperative 1-day MMSE | 26 |
Nausea | NO
|
Vomit | NO
|
Dizzy | NO
|
Headache | NO
|
Respiratory suppression | NO
|