|
Patients planning to undergo elective intraspinal anesthesia for prostate resection surgery | YES
|
|
Age 60 and above (including 60 years old) | YES
|
|
Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30kg/m^2 | YES
|
|
ASA grade I-III | YES
|
YES
|
|
Individuals with hearing and visual impairments | NO
|
|
BMI ≥ 30 | NO
|
|
Individuals with contraindications for spinal anesthesia | NO
|
|
Severe hypertension (controlled with medication, still in stage III or above hypertension), heart failure (NYHA > II) | NO
|
|
Severe bradycardia (requiring pacemaker, <60bpm) | NO
|
|
Individuals with neurological or muscular system diseases, mental illness | NO
|
|
History of sedative, antidepressant medication use, alcoholism, and drug abuse | NO
|
|
History of severe cerebrovascular disease or complication after craniocerebral trauma (e.g., emotional disorders, language disorders) | NO
|
|
Individuals with dexmedetomidine use contraindications | NO
|
|
Individuals who are unwilling or unable to communicate | NO
|
|
loss to follow-up | NO
|
|
Subject withdraws informed consent form | NO
|
|
Intraoperative use of other sedative drugs | NO
|
|
Change the anesthesia method to general anesthesia for patients | NO
|
|
Patients transferred to ICU after surgery | NO
|
|
Age | 72 years old |
|
Weight | 60 kg |
|
Height | 1.60 m |
|
BMI | 23.44 kg/m2 |
|
Degree of education | Never attended school before
|
|
ASA | Ⅱ
|
|
Underlying disease | Diabetes
|
- Systolic pressure
- Diastolic pressure
- Mean arterial pressure
- Heart rate
- Respiratory rate
- Oxygen saturation
- BIS
|
Systolic pressure T1 | 165 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T2 | 139 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T3 | 161 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T4 | 180 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T5 | 161 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T6 | 147 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T7 | 150 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T8 | 139 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T9 | 140 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T10 | 142 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T11 | 147 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T12 | 147 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T13 | 158 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T1 | 107 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T2 | 85 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T3 | 99 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T4 | 100 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T5 | 101 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T6 | 91 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T7 | 92 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T8 | 88 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T9 | 85 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T10 | 89 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T11 | 95 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T12 | 90 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T13 | 103 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T1 | 127 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T2 | 103 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T3 | 119 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T4 | 126 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T5 | 121 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T6 | 116 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T7 | 121 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T8 | 108 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T9 | 105 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T10 | 112 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T11 | 121 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T12 | 120 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T13 | 124 mmHg |
|
Heart rate T1 | 102 times/min |
|
Heart rate T2 | 100 times/min |
|
Heart rate T3 | 97 times/min |
|
Heart rate T4 | 96 times/min |
|
Heart rate T5 | 94 times/min |
|
Heart rate T6 | 85 times/min |
|
Heart rate T7 | 81 times/min |
|
Heart rate T8 | 81 times/min |
|
Heart rate T9 | 79 mmHg |
|
Heart rate T10 | 78 times/min |
|
Heart rate T11 | 75 times/min |
|
Heart rate T12 | 76 times/min |
|
Heart rate T13 | 83 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T1 | 22 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T2 | 19 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T3 | 14 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T4 | 15 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T5 | 25 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T6 | 23 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T7 | 17 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T8 | 20 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T9 | 20 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T10 | 18 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T11 | 20 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T12 | 17 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T13 | 14 times/min |
|
Oxygen saturation T1 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T2 | 96 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T3 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T4 | 98 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T5 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T6 | 95 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T7 | 94 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T8 | 96 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T9 | 95 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T10 | 94 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T11 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T12 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T13 | 98 % |
|
BIS T1 | 89 |
|
BIS T2 | 96 |
|
BIS T3 | 97 |
|
BIS T4 | 98 |
|
BIS T5 | 96 |
|
BIS T6 | 96 |
|
BIS T7 | 63 |
|
BIS T8 | 73 |
|
BIS T9 | 85 |
|
BIS T10 | 91 |
|
BIS T11 | 95 |
|
BIS T12 | 98 |
|
BIS T13 | 97 |
- Puncture space
- Dosage of ropivacaine
- Sensory blockade plane
- Improved Bromage score
- Operation duration
- Time-on
- End time
- Departure time
- Total dosage of dexmedetomidine
- Satisfaction
- Special circumstances during surgery
|
Puncture space | L2-3 |
|
Dosage of ropivacaine | 18 mg |
|
Sensory blockade plane | T10 |
|
Improved Bromage score | 3 |
|
A-VAS | 3 |
|
Operation duration | 103 min |
|
Time-on | 11:48 |
|
End time | 13:31 |
|
Departure time | 13:44 |
|
Total dosage of dexmedetomidine | 39.6 mg |
|
Operator satisfaction | 5 |
|
Patient satisfaction | 5 |
|
Physical movement | NO
|
|
Hypoxemia | NO
|
|
Bradycardia | NO
|
|
1 day preoperative STAI-S | 21 |
|
Postoperative day STAI-S | 20 |
|
1 day preoperative MMSE | 10 |
|
Poseoperative day MMSE | 16 |
|
Postoperative 1-day MMSE | 20 |
|
Nausea | NO
|
|
Vomit | NO
|
|
Dizzy | NO
|
|
Headache | NO
|
|
Respiratory suppression | NO
|