|
Patients planning to undergo elective intraspinal anesthesia for prostate resection surgery | YES
|
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Age 60 and above (including 60 years old) | YES
|
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Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30kg/m^2 | YES
|
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ASA grade I-III | YES
|
YES
|
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Individuals with hearing and visual impairments | NO
|
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BMI ≥ 30 | NO
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Individuals with contraindications for spinal anesthesia | NO
|
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Severe hypertension (controlled with medication, still in stage III or above hypertension), heart failure (NYHA > II) | NO
|
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Severe bradycardia (requiring pacemaker, <60bpm) | NO
|
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Individuals with neurological or muscular system diseases, mental illness | NO
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History of sedative, antidepressant medication use, alcoholism, and drug abuse | NO
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History of severe cerebrovascular disease or complication after craniocerebral trauma (e.g., emotional disorders, language disorders) | NO
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Individuals with dexmedetomidine use contraindications | NO
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Individuals who are unwilling or unable to communicate | NO
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loss to follow-up | NO
|
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Subject withdraws informed consent form | NO
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Change the anesthesia method to general anesthesia for patients | NO
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Intraoperative use of other sedative drugs | NO
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Patients transferred to ICU after surgery | NO
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|
Age | 70 years old |
|
Weight | 70 kg |
|
Height | 1.75 m |
|
BMI | 22.86 kg/m2 |
|
Degree of education | Middle school
|
|
ASA | Ⅱ
|
|
Underlying disease | None
|
- Systolic pressure
- Diastolic pressure
- Mean arterial pressure
- Heart rate
- Respiratory rate
- Oxygen saturation
- BIS
|
Systolic pressure T1 | 138 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T2 | 129 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T3 | 135 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T4 | 120 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T5 | 126 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T6 | 129 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T7 | 131 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T8 | 129 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T9 | 126 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T10 | 127 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T11 | 126 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T12 | 122 mmHg |
|
Systolic pressure T13 | 112 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T1 | 79 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T2 | 68 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T3 | 75 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T4 | 75 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T5 | 74 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T6 | 80 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T7 | 77 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T8 | 78 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T9 | 75 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T10 | 76 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T11 | 76 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T12 | 80 mmHg |
|
Diastolic pressure T13 | 67 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T1 | 92 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T2 | 84 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T3 | 93 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T4 | 92 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T5 | 99 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T6 | 104 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T7 | 104 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T8 | 100 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T9 | 100 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T10 | 97 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T11 | 102 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T12 | 95 mmHg |
|
Mean arterial pressure T13 | 82 mmHg |
|
Heart rate T1 | 66 times/min |
|
Heart rate T2 | 75 times/min |
|
Heart rate T3 | 76 times/min |
|
Heart rate T4 | 64 times/min |
|
Heart rate T5 | 57 times/min |
|
Heart rate T6 | 54 times/min |
|
Heart rate T7 | 57 times/min |
|
Heart rate T8 | 61 times/min |
|
Heart rate T9 | 61 mmHg |
|
Heart rate T10 | 60 times/min |
|
Heart rate T11 | 56 times/min |
|
Heart rate T12 | 60 times/min |
|
Heart rate T13 | 59 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T1 | 13 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T2 | 15 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T3 | 18 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T4 | 14 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T5 | 13 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T6 | 13 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T7 | 16 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T8 | 16 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T9 | 15 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T10 | 15 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T11 | 15 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T12 | 14 times/min |
|
Respiratory rate T13 | 15 times/min |
|
Oxygen saturation T1 | 95 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T2 | 93 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T3 | 94 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T4 | 96 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T5 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T6 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T7 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T8 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T9 | 98 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T10 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T11 | 97 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T12 | 98 % |
|
Oxygen saturation T13 | 94 % |
|
BIS T1 | 98 |
|
BIS T2 | 95 |
|
BIS T3 | 96 |
|
BIS T4 | 91 |
|
BIS T5 | 89 |
|
BIS T6 | 91 |
|
BIS T7 | 70 |
|
BIS T8 | 61 |
|
BIS T9 | 54 |
|
BIS T10 | 47 |
|
BIS T11 | 89 |
|
BIS T12 | 97 |
|
BIS T13 | 98 |
- Puncture space
- Dosage of ropivacaine
- Sensory blockade plane
- Improved Bromage score
- Operation duration
- Time-on
- End time
- Departure time
- Total dosage of dexmedetomidine
- Satisfaction
- Special circumstances during surgery
|
Puncture space | L2-3 |
|
Dosage of ropivacaine | 20 mg |
|
Sensory blockade plane | T10 |
|
Improved Bromage score | 3 |
|
A-VAS | 0 |
|
Operation duration | 89 min |
|
Time-on | 10:37 |
|
End time | 12:06 |
|
Departure time | 12:12 |
|
Total dosage of dexmedetomidine | 44.59 mg |
|
Operator satisfaction | 5 |
|
Patient satisfaction | 5 |
|
Physical movement | NO
|
|
Hypoxemia | NO
|
|
Bradycardia | NO
|
|
1 day preoperative STAI-S | 25 |
|
Postoperative day STAI-S | 25 |
|
1 day preoperative MMSE | 28 |
|
Poseoperative day MMSE | 29 |
|
Postoperative 1-day MMSE | 29 |
|
Nausea | NO
|
|
Vomit | NO
|
|
Dizzy | NO
|
|
Headache | NO
|
|
Respiratory suppression | NO
|