- inclusion criteria
- exclusion criteria
- age of patients
- age of partner
- grade
- sperm counts
- sperm motility
- grade a+b sperm
- Sperm morphology
|
impaired semen quality | |
|
with normal level of serum hormones including FSH, LH, Thyroid hormones and PRL | |
|
patient's spouse was healthy in reproduction | |
|
All above | yes
|
|
20-39 years old who had infertility for more than 1 year and had clinical palpable varicoceles |
|
subclinical varicocele, recurrent varicoceles | |
|
normal semen analyses | |
|
other reasons of infertility than varicoceles | |
|
refusing to enter randomization | |
|
female partner older than 35 years | |
|
abnormal level of serum hormones | |
|
female factor infertility | |
|
with significant surgical diseases, congenital diseases or endocrine diseases | |
|
none of the above | yes
|
|
age of' patients | 34 y |
|
age of partner | 32 y |
|
grade II | |
|
grade III | yes
|
|
sperm counts | 17.59 ×10e6/ml |
|
sperm motility | 20.07 % |
|
grade a+b sperm | 8.12 % |
|
sperm morphology（normal） | 27.38 % |
- operative time
- Hospital stay
- Number of veins ligated
- Number of arteries preserved
- Number of lymphatics spared
|
operation time | 78 min |
|
hospital stay | 4 d |
|
number of veins ligated | 9 |
|
number of arteries perserved | 2 |
|
number of lymphatics apared | 2 |
|
postoperative hydrocele | no
|
|
recurrent varicocele | no
|
|
pregnancy | no
|
|
testis atrophy | no
|
|
sperm counts | 23 x10e6/ml |
|
sperm motility | 25.49 % |
|
garde a+b sperm | 44.58 % |
|
sperm morphology（normal） | 36.93 % |
|
sperm counts | 21.96 x10e6/ml |
|
sperm motility | 32.32 % |
|
garde a+b sperm | 73.89 % |
|
sperm morphology（normal） | 24.69 % |
|
sperm counts | 25.5 x10e6/ml |
|
sperm motility | 35.68 % |
|
garde a+b sperm | 51.34 % |
|
sperm morphology（normal） | 31.37 % |